Social:During World War One, the people who once had a vast amount of power lost their authority. They were no longer at the top. An example of this was the Ottoman Empire. Before the war, the Ottoman Empire controlled 29 provinces. During the war, however, it became hard to control all of the people and land, so it led the Ottomans to disaster.
Over the course of the war, about 10 million people died on the battle field. Another 20 million were estimated to have been wounded during the fighting. It was a very bloody, painful war for most everyone.
The Ottoman Empire-a Timeline:
•1876: The Ottoman Constitution is proclaimed.
•1878: Congress of Berlin: Serbia and Montenegro are granted independence. Bulgaria is granted broad autonomy.
•1908: The Comittee of Union and Progress (The Young Turks) is formed.
•The Ottoman Constitution is restored.
•Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina
•1912-1913: The First Balkan War
•1913: The Second Balkan War
•1914: The Ottoman Empire enters World War I as one of the Central Powers.
•1915: The Armenian Massacre
•1919-1924: End of the Ottoman Empire
•1919: Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) lands at Samsun
•1923: The sultanate is abolished and Turkey is declared a republic
•1924: The office of caliph is abolished
Policital: Leaders of the Ottoman Empire were called the Sultan. It is an Islamic title that means rulership or strength. It is similar to Caliphate. During World War One, Mehmed V was the ruler, but he did not really make many important decisions. The people making the decisions were called the Three Pashas. They consisted of the minister of the interior, Mehmed Talat Pasha, the minister of war, Ismail Enver, and the minister of the Navy, Ahmed, Djemal. They were the dominant leaders during World War One.
Ismail Enver was played a big role in the Ottoman Empire during World War One. He was a Turkish military officer and was an architect of the Ottoman-German Alliance. He gained ethical support when he quickly won a battle that greatly helped the Ottoman Empire. He became a military minister, but as time went on he did not prove himself worthy of being a military minister.
Religious: A vast majority of the Ottoman empire followed Islamic beliefs. They followed the prophet Muhammed and committed their lives to God. Some Germany wanted to expand their power so they had somewhat of an influence on the Middle East; some people began to believe in Constantinople. They were Christian and believed in one God.
Intellectual: German military advisors served with the ottoman army. The Ottoman army, as stated before, lost, so the Germans needed another plan. They planned on biliding a railway from Berlin to Baghdad.
Technological: New ways of fighting were developed in the countries. Western technology was added. There was a high death toll from deadly gases that had never before been used. Sound ranging became a new way to locate where enemies were. Railroads were very popular during this war. They dominated the technology. They were used to transport materials and the armies would follow the railroads they bulit to ensure safety to the materials being transported.
Economic: Because the Ottoman empire collapsed, the initial creation of the Middle East took place. New conflicts arose and created different countries and economies. Labor had to be drafted and women took the place of men in the factories.
Over the course of the war, about 10 million people died on the battle field. Another 20 million were estimated to have been wounded during the fighting. It was a very bloody, painful war for most everyone.
The Ottoman Empire-a Timeline:
•1876: The Ottoman Constitution is proclaimed.
•1878: Congress of Berlin: Serbia and Montenegro are granted independence. Bulgaria is granted broad autonomy.
•1908: The Comittee of Union and Progress (The Young Turks) is formed.
•The Ottoman Constitution is restored.
•Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina
•1912-1913: The First Balkan War
•1913: The Second Balkan War
•1914: The Ottoman Empire enters World War I as one of the Central Powers.
•1915: The Armenian Massacre
•1919-1924: End of the Ottoman Empire
•1919: Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) lands at Samsun
•1923: The sultanate is abolished and Turkey is declared a republic
•1924: The office of caliph is abolished
Policital: Leaders of the Ottoman Empire were called the Sultan. It is an Islamic title that means rulership or strength. It is similar to Caliphate. During World War One, Mehmed V was the ruler, but he did not really make many important decisions. The people making the decisions were called the Three Pashas. They consisted of the minister of the interior, Mehmed Talat Pasha, the minister of war, Ismail Enver, and the minister of the Navy, Ahmed, Djemal. They were the dominant leaders during World War One.
Ismail Enver was played a big role in the Ottoman Empire during World War One. He was a Turkish military officer and was an architect of the Ottoman-German Alliance. He gained ethical support when he quickly won a battle that greatly helped the Ottoman Empire. He became a military minister, but as time went on he did not prove himself worthy of being a military minister.
Religious: A vast majority of the Ottoman empire followed Islamic beliefs. They followed the prophet Muhammed and committed their lives to God. Some Germany wanted to expand their power so they had somewhat of an influence on the Middle East; some people began to believe in Constantinople. They were Christian and believed in one God.
Intellectual: German military advisors served with the ottoman army. The Ottoman army, as stated before, lost, so the Germans needed another plan. They planned on biliding a railway from Berlin to Baghdad.
Technological: New ways of fighting were developed in the countries. Western technology was added. There was a high death toll from deadly gases that had never before been used. Sound ranging became a new way to locate where enemies were. Railroads were very popular during this war. They dominated the technology. They were used to transport materials and the armies would follow the railroads they bulit to ensure safety to the materials being transported.
Economic: Because the Ottoman empire collapsed, the initial creation of the Middle East took place. New conflicts arose and created different countries and economies. Labor had to be drafted and women took the place of men in the factories.
Sources:
"History of the Ottoman Empire - Decline and Fall." Turkey Travel Guide. Web. 14 Oct. 2009. <http://www.turizm.net/turkey/history/ottoman3.html>.
"J. B. Bury: History of the Later Roman Empire • Vol. I Chap. 3." Sir Thomas Browne. Web. 14 Oct. 2009. <http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/BURLAT/3*.html#1>.
"Ottoman Empire: 1350-1918." Then Again. . . Web. 14 Oct. 2009. <http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/MiddleEast/Ottoman.html>.
"The Treaty of Versailles." History Learning Site. Web. 14 Oct. 2009. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_Versailles.htm>.